Alveolar morphometry in young adults with and without agenesis of the upper lateral incisor: A retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to compare alveolar morphometry in young adults with agenesis of the upper lateral incisor versus the side without agenesis and versus matched controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this observational retrospective study, cone beam computed tomography scans were obtained of 36 upper hemiarches from young adults aged 15 to 30 years. The hemiarches were distributed into three groups: group 1: 12 upper hemiarches presenting agenesis of the upper lateral incisor; group 2: 12 upper hemiarches from the opposite side without agenesis of the upper lateral incisor (control group 1); and group 3: 12 upper hemiarches without agenesis of the upper lateral incisor matched for age and sex with respect to the affected group (control group 2). A trained and calibrated investigator performed all the alveolar measurements at two different times, including sagittal, coronal and axial slices of each hemiarch. Paired Student's t-tests, Chi-square and repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction were used, (P<0.05). RESULTS: Apical mesial evaluation of group 1 (4.22±1.19mm) was significantly lower (P<0.001) than that of groups 2 (6.72±1.17mm) and 3 (7.58±1.67mm). Apical distal evaluation also showed differences (P<0.001) among the three groups, with the dimension being smaller in group 1 with agenesis (4.53±1.14mm), followed by group 2 without agenesis (6.23±1.55mm) and the healthy control group 3 (7.73±1.71mm). CONCLUSIONS: Lateral incisor agenesis significantly reduces the alveolar dimensions of the affected area. In cases of unilateral agenesis, the unaffected side also shows sequelae, with decreased dimensions compared to cases without agenesis. This condition should be taken into account when making therapeutic decisions regarding rehabilitation with implants or canine replacement.

The relationship between third molar agenesis and craniofacial morphology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Agenesis of third molar agenesis has a higher incidence than other tooth development anomalies. Previous research identified a potential correlation between third molar agenesis and specific craniofacial morphology; however, no systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic currently exists. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between third molar agenesis and craniofacial sagittal and vertical morphology. SEARCH METHODS: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library without restrictions on publication year or language; this was supplemented by the manual retrieval of relevant literature. SELECTION CRITERIA: Cross-sectional studies that compared craniofacial morphology using angular and linear measurements obtained from lateral cephalography between patients with third molar agenesis and those without were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The quality assessment of the enrolled articles was evaluated by the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed by Review Manager software (The Cochrane Collaborative, version 5.4, Cochrane IMS). RESULTS: A total of seven studies were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the ANB (mean differences (MD) = -0.75, 95% CI: -1.31 to -0.19, P < 0.01), palate length (ANS-PNS, MD = -1.68, 95% CI: -2.24 to -1.11, P < 0.01), and mandibular length (Go-Pog, MD = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.13, P < 0.01) were smaller in patients with third molar agenesis. With regard to vertical craniofacial morphology, the mandibular plane angle (MP-FH; MD = -1.88, 95% CI: -3.45 to -0.31, P = 0.02), gonial angle (gonial angle; MD = -1.73, 95% CI: -2.69 to -0.77, P < 0.01) and lower face height (lower face heigh angle; MD = -1.36, 95% CI: -1.94 to -0.77, P < 0.01) were smaller in patients with third molar agenesis, indicating a flatter or brachyfacial skeletal pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that third molar agenesis maybe associated with a reduced maxillary length and a flatter mandible. However, these findings need to be interpreted with caution due to inconsistencies in the certainty of evidence. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023448226).

Prevalence and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in Schoolchildren in Kuwait.

OBJECTIVE: Dental anomalies (DA) can affect paediatric patients' aesthetics, function, and psychological well-being. There is a lack of data about the prevalence of DA in children in Kuwait. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of DA amongst schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using panoramic digital radiographs of children who attended a single dental center. All radiographs were evaluated by 2 calibrated and trained examiners. RESULTS: DA were present in 110 (20.1%) out of the 546 panoramic radiographs examined: 53.6% in females and 46.4% in males. The mean age of children with DA (9.83 ± 1.29) was similar to that of children with no anomalies (9.96 ± 1.46). The most prevalent anomaly was dental agenesis (9.3%), followed by taurodontism (6.6%) and ectopic eruption (EE, 2%). DA were more common in the maxilla (58.2%) compared to the mandible (41.8%, P = .042). Congenitally missing teeth were significantly more frequent in the mandible (56.9%) than in the maxilla (43.1%, P = .003). EE was significantly more common in the maxilla (90.9%) than in the mandible (9.1%, P = .024). Microdontia and root dilacerations were only present in males, whilst supernumerary teeth, transposition, and impacted teeth were noted in females only. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DA amongst schoolchildren in Kuwait was considered to be relatively high. Certain DA were associated with gender. The significant prevalence of DA highlights the need for early diagnosis using panoramic radiographs, particularly during the ages of 9 and 10, in order to ensure effective patient management.

Tooth agenesis: An overview of diagnosis, aetiology and management.

Patients with one or more developmentally absent teeth are routinely encountered in dental practice. Tooth agenesis can be associated with significant functional, aesthetic and psycho-social problems. The present article provides an overview of the prevalence and aetiology of tooth agenesis, as well as the condition's clinical characteristics and management options with reference to the evidence base. A timely diagnosis can facilitate the appropriate planning and management which might not be straightforward, and patient care will likely require multi- and inter-disciplinary input. It is critical that dental care practitioners are aware of the clinical characteristics and management options for tooth agenesis.

Chitosan Hydrogel-Delivered ABE8e Corrects PAX9 Mutant in Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Hypodontia (dental agenesis) is a genetic disorder, and it has been identified that the mutation C175T in PAX9 could lead to hypodontia. Cas9 nickase (nCas9)-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) and base editing were used for the correction of this mutated point. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HDR and the base editor ABE8e in editing PAX9 mutant. It was found that the chitosan hydrogel was efficient in delivering naked DNA into dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). To explore the influence of the C175T mutation in PAX9 on the proliferation of DPSCs, hydrogel was employed to deliver PAX9 mutant vector into DPSCs, finding that the PAX9-containing C175T mutation failed to promote the proliferation of DPSCs. Firstly, DPSCs stably carrying PAX9 mutant were constructed. Either an HDR or ABE8e system was delivered into the above-mentioned stable DPSCs, and then the correction efficiency using Sanger sequencing and Western blotting was determined. Meanwhile, the ABE8e presented significantly higher efficiency in correcting C175T compared with HDR. Furthermore, the corrected PAX9 presented enhanced viability and differentiation capacity for osteogenic and neurogenic lineages; the corrected PAX9 even possessed extremely enhanced transcriptional activation ability. In summary, this study has powerful implications for studies into base editors, chitosan hydrogel, and DPSCs in treating hypodontia.

A comparative retrospective study on the prevalence and therapeutic treatment of dental agenesis between healthy children and children with systemic disease or congenital malformation.

BACKGROUND: Dental agenesis (DA) in the permanent dentition is one of the most common dental anomalies, with a prevalence up to 2-10%. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the prevalence and therapeutic treatment of DA in healthy children (HC) compared to children with systemic disease or congenital malformation (SD/CM). METHODS: Out of 3407 patients treated at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry of the Justus Liebig University Giessen (Germany) between January 2015 and December 2020, a total of 1067 patients (594 female, 473 male) aged between 4.5 and 18 years were included in this study due to DA. Besides the patients' general medical history and therapeutic treatments, panoramic radiographs were analysed. RESULTS: In contrast to the HC group with 9.7% DA, the SD/CM group showed a significantly higher prevalence of DA (19.8%; p < 0.05). The latter group was further classified into children with ectodermal dysplasia (4.4%), down syndrome (8.2%), cleft lip and palate (4.4%), intellectual disability/developmental delay (16.4%), and other genetic/organic diseases without intellectual disability (45.9%). Regarding therapeutic treatments, the HC group (59.5%) was significantly more often treated with an orthodontic gap opening compared to the SD/CM group (42.6%; p < 0.05), followed by orthodontic gap closing 36.5% in the HC group and 22.9% in the SD/CM group (p < 0.05), whereas no treatment was predominantly performed in the SD/CM group (37.7%) compared to the HC group (4%; p < 0.05). Furthermore, 50% in the SD/CM group required general anaesthesia for therapeutic treatment (vs. 8.1% in the HC group; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Children with SD/CM suffered more often from DA compared to HC that underlines multi- and interdisciplinary treatment of utmost importance. Furthermore, due to intellectual disability, common treatment methods can be complicated by insufficient compliance. This fact underlines the importance of an early attempt to establish the necessary cooperation enabling children with SD/CM to receive therapy.

Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is associated with maxillary form: a geometric morphometric analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor occurs in up to 4% of all individuals and requires multidisciplinary treatment. Its developmental origins, however, are not fully understood. Earlier studies documented genetic factors contributing to agenesis but also an association with craniofacial morphology. In this study, we assessed the association between maxillary morphology and lateral incisor agenesis by a geometric morphometric approach to disentangle the roles of developmental plasticity and genetic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We quantified the maxillary alveolar ridge by 19 two-dimensional landmarks on cross-sectional images of 101 computed tomography scans. We compared the shape and size of the alveolar ridge across patients with unilateral or bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors and patients with extracted or in situ incisors. RESULTS: The maxillary alveolar ridge was clearly narrower in patients with agenesis or an extracted incisor compared to the control group, whereas the contralateral side of the unilateral agenesis had an intermediate width. Despite massive individual variation, the ventral curvature of the alveolar ridge was, on average, more pronounced in the bilateral agenesis group compared to unilateral agenesis and tooth extraction. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that pleiotropic genetic and epigenetic factors influence both tooth development and cranial growth, but an inappropriately sized or shaped alveolar process may also inhibit normal formation or development of the tooth bud, thus leading to dental agenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results indicate that bilateral agenesis of the lateral incisor tends to be associated with a higher need of bone augmentation prior to implant placement than unilateral agenesis.

Detección polimórfica del rs104893850 de MSX1 y rs28933373 de PAX9 en personas con agenesia dental no sindrómica / Polymorphic detection of rs104893850 of MSX1 and rs28933373 of PAX9 in people with non syndromic dental agnesia

Introducción: la agenesia dental no sindrómica (ADNS) genera efec- tos negativos en la salud oral y psicosocial de los seres humanos. El determinante genético desempeña un papel importante en su desarrollo. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de los polimorfismos rs104893850 de MSX1 y rs28933373 de PAX9 en pacientes de seis a 18 años con ADNS. Material y métodos: estudio transversal prolectivo en el cual se revisaron individuos de seis a 18 años sin defectos congénitos y originarios del estado de Durango. Después de haber obtenido su con- sentimiento para formar parte del estudio, se estableció el diagnóstico de ADNS a través de una inspección clínica odontológica y un examen radiográfico. Se tomó una muestra de sangre capilar para la genotipi- ficación de los polimorfismos a través de la técnica de qPCR-HRM. Resultados: de un total de 124 individuos, 77 (62%) mujeres y 47 (38%) hombres; sólo 39 presentaron ADNS. En el análisis polimórfico de rs104893850 de MSX1 y rs28933373 de PAX9 se obtuvo 94.9% y 84.6% respectivamente de homocigotos mutados. Conclusiones: se obtuvo una alta frecuencia de hipodoncia, el diente que mostró más agenesia fue el órgano dentario 18. Las mutaciones polimórficas están presentes en una alta proporción de agenesia dental (AU)

Introduction: non-syndromic dental agenesis (NSDA) generates negative oral health and psychosocial effects in humans. The genetic determinant plays an important role in its development. Objective: to determine the frequency of MSX1 rs104893850 and PAX9 rs28933373 polymorphisms in patients aged 6 to 18 years with NSDA. Material and methods: prolective cross-sectional study, in which individuals aged 6 to 18 years without congenital defects and from the city of Durango were reviewed. After obtaining their consent to be part of the study, the diagnosis of NSDA was established through a clinical dental inspection, a radiographic examination and a capillary blood sample was taken for the genotyping of the polymorphisms through the qPCR-HRM technique. Results: out of a total of 124 individuals, 77 (62%) females and 47 (38%) males; only 39 presented ADNS. In the polymorphic analysis of rs104893850 of MSX1 and rs28933373 of PAX9 we obtained 94.9% and 84.6% respectively of mutated homozygotes. Conclusions: a high frequency of hypodontia was obtained, and the tooth that presented the most agenesis was dental organ 18. Polymorphic mutations are present in a high proportion for dental agenesis (AU)

Association between dental agenesis and delay in dental development: a preliminary study in a Spanish paediatric population in relation with Dental Anomaly Pattern (DAP).

BACKGROUND: The association between dental anomalies has been studied, giving rise to the concept of Dental Anomaly Pattern (DAP). Tooth agenesis has been associated with alterations such as molar infracclusion, taurodontism and delayed dental development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental development pattern in patients with non-syndromic dental agenesis, in comparison with a control group. METHODS: Dental and chronological age was analysed in a sample size of 204 orthopantomographs divided into a study group (n = 104) and a control group (n = 100) with the Demirjian Method. Intra and intergroup differences in chronological and dental age, and the correlation between them were calculated by statistical analysis with a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Dental age exceeded chronological age both in the control group and in the study group. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.004) were found when comparing the difference between chronological and dental age in the study (-0.16 ± 1.12) and control group (-0.58 ± 0.90). Regarding sex and age intergroup differences, the results were only statistically significant in the girls' group (p = 0.017), and the age over 8 years old (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in tooth development depending on the number of missing teeth or the affected tooth group, but there was a delay in the development of the homologous tooth contralateral to the absent one in 14.9% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between chronological and dental age in permanent dentition is significantly lower in Spanish children with non-syndromic agenesis compared to a control group, presenting a lower dental age than chronological age than children without non-syndromic agenesis.

Agenesias dentárias atípicas: relato de caso clínico / Atypical dental agenesis: clinical case report

A agenesia dentaria é uma anomalia de desenvolvimento caracterizada pela determinação congênita de menor numero de dentes, podendo estar associada a síndromes genéticas ou ocorrer isoladamente. Embora seja considerada uma das anomalias mais frequentes quando envolve terceiros molares, segundo pré-molares e incisivos laterais, sua ocorrência em dentes estáveis, tais como o canino e o primeiro molar permanente é rara. Desta forma, este relato apresentará o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 8 anos idade, que iniciou tratamento de rotina na Clínica de Odontopediatria da UNIFENAS. Na anamnese não foi relatada pela responsável a ocorrência de alterações sistêmicas, nem queixa ou histórico odontológico relevante. No exame clínico odontológico, notou-se o não irrompimento do primeiro molar permanente superior direito (16). Diante dos exames de imagem, foi confirmada a agenesia do dente 16 e também do canino permanente superior direito (13). A agenesia, sobretudo de dentes estáveis e relevantes no arco dentário, pode comprometer o desenvolvimento adequado da oclusão, mastigação, fonação e estética. Desta maneira, é importante o diagnóstico precoce desta ocorrência com o objetivo de favorecer a elaboração de um adequado plano de tratamento e, minimizar as sequelas destas agenesias atípicas(AU)

Dental agenesis is a developmental anomaly characterized by the congenital determination of fewer teeth, may be associated with genetic syndromes or occur in an isolated form. Although it is considered one of the most frequent anomalies when it involves third molars, second lateral premolars and incisors, the occurrence in stable teeth, such as the permanent canine and the permanent first molar is rare. This report will present the case of an 8-year-old female patient who started routine treatment at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of UNIFENAS. In the anamnesis, the responsible person did not report the occurrence of systemic alterations, or a relevant dental complaint or history. On dental clinical examination, it was noticed the non-rupture of the permament maxillar right first molar (16). In view of the imaging tests, the agenesis of tooth 16 and also of the permanent maxillary right canine (13) was confirmed. Agenesis, especially of stable and relevant teeth in the dental arch, may compromise the proper development of occlusion, chewing, phonation and aesthetics. Thus, it is of paramount importance to early diagnosis of this occurrence in order to favor the development of an appropriate treatment plan in order to minimize the sequelae of these atypical agenesis(AU)

Radiographic evaluation of non-syndromic third molar agenesis in two Mediterranean populations.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Third molar agenesis is a common finding across the world. Many studies have assessed third molar agenesis in different ethnicities and populations. However, there are no such studies in the Italian and Lebanese populations. Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of third molar agenesis and study the pattern and distribution of agenesis in between genders in Italian and Lebanese Mediterranean populations and compare these findings with other global and Mediterranean populations' studies. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was conducted based on the history and orthopantomograms of adolescents aged 12 to 21 years to assess the agenesis of third molars in a sample of Italian and Lebanese populations by two experienced dental surgeons twice within 1 month. Descriptive and comparative tests were used to analyze the patterns of ageneses and make comparisons between the two samples. RESULTS: 23.4% of the studied sample had at least one third molar agenesis; females were more likely to have two or more third molar agenesis than males, but neither sex predisposition for single third-molar agenesis was recorded. Both the Italian and Lebanese subgroups seemed to have similar results. The maxillary right third molar was the most common third molar to be absent. Two or more ageneses were more common than one third molar agenesis. CONCLUSION: Our Mediterranean population results fall within the range reported in the literature and corroborate with the global average prevalence.

Aetiological Evaluation of Oligodontia in a Three-Generation Family.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the genetic evaluation of a three-generation consanguineous family with isolated oligodontia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 16-year-old male patient who had been referred for orthodontic treatment due to the presence of oligodontia, and his family members who presented several missing teeth had been enrolled in the study. Clinical and radiological assessments and genetic analysis including whole-exome sequencing were performed. RESULTS: Genetic evaluations revealed both homozygous and heterozygous mutations (c.T682A:p.F228I) in the WNT10A gene of six affected members of the family. Higher frequency of agenesis of mandibular second molar was found in homozygous relative to heterozygous WNT10A mutations. CONCLUSION: The present findings have provided evidence for a known variant in the WNT10A gene in a three-generation consanguineous family with isolated oligodontia, while the results confirmed that cases with homozygous mutation revealed clinical heterogeneity.

Prevalencia de agenesia dental en pacientes evaluados en ortodoncia, Santiago de Chile / Prevalence of dental agenesis in patients evaluated in orthodontics, Santiago de Chile

Resumen La agenesia dentaria es una anomalía frecuente de detectar en un examen odontológico. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de agenesias en la población chilena actual, comparar según sexo, diente afectado y clase esqueletal, y registrar microdoncia de incisivos laterales superiores permanentes. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio descriptivo transversal, se contabilizó el número de agenesias dentarias presentes en 278 radiografías panorámicas de un total de 9207 pacientes, que ingresaron a tratamiento de ortodoncia durante el año 2017 en un centro clínico privado de Santiago de Chile. Resultados: Se obtuvo una prevalencia de agenesia del 3,02%, encontrando una mayor frecuencia de agenesia de segundos premolares inferiores, seguido de incisivos laterales superiores. Hubo una mayor cantidad de agenesias en pacientes de sexo femenino. Conclusión: Los segundos premolares son los dientes con mayor prevalencia de agenesias, no se evidenció la asociación de agenesias en alguna clase esqueletal específica, y se sugieren más estudios para describir la prevalencia de los terceros molares, debido a que este diente está en vías de dejar desarrollarse, según la teoría evolutiva.

Abstract Dental agenesis is a frequent anomaly detected in a dental examination. Objective: To determine the prevalence of agenesis in the current Chilean population, compare according to sex, affected tooth, skeletal class, and record microdontia of permanent upper lateral incisors. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the number of dental agenesis present in 278 panoramic radiographs of a total of 9207 patients who entered orthodontic treatment during 2017 in a private clinical center in Santiago de Chile was recorded. Results: A prevalence of agenesis of 3.02% was obtained, finding a higher frequency in lower second premolars, followed by upper lateral incisors. Females presented a higher amount of cases in comparison to males. Conclusion: The second premolars are the teeth with the highest prevalence of agenesis. The association of this alteration with some specific skeletal class was not evidenced. More studies are suggested to describe it´s prevalence in the third molars, beacause according to the evolutionary theory this tooth might eventually disappear.

Uma nova possibilidade para o tratamento da Agenesia dental: Relato de um caso clínico / A new possibility for the treatment of agenesia dental: report of a clinical case

Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico em que a paciente buscava um tratamento não invasivo para reabilitação estética anterior em um quadro de presença de agenesia, dente conoide e restaurações insatisfatórias. Relato de caso: a paciente B.M.S., de 19 anos, procurou uma clínica particular em Belo Horizonte, insatisfeita com seus dentes anteriores, em função de uma agenesia do dente 22, restabelecida através de uma ponte adesiva de coloração mais escura, restauração de resina composta manchada no dente 12, que é conoide, e manchamento das restaurações em resina composta dos dentes 11, 13 e 21. Para o planejamento, considerou-se que a paciente não queria se submeter a procedimentos cirúrgicos, como implantes dentários. O tratamento proposto foi a confecção de seis restaurações cerâmicas, associando lâminas ultrafinas de 0,5 mm a uma ponte adesiva. A estética do sorriso foi restabelecida de acordo com as expectativas da paciente e dos profissionais envolvidos. Considerações finais: o tratamento foi considerado uma possibilidade real e conservadora, já que foram realizados preparos minimamente invasivos e a paciente não foi submetida à instalação de implantes. A ponte adesiva associada aos laminados cerâmicos foi extremamente satisfatória em relação ao restabelecimento da estética e da função do sorriso da paciente.(AU)

Objective: to report a case in which a patient sought noninvasive treatment for anterior aesthetic rehabilitation in the presence of agenesis, controlled tooth and unsatisfactory restoration. Case report: a 19-year-old BMS patient sought a specific clinic in Belo Horizonte, with anterior tooth problems, on a function of tooth agenesis 22, restored a darker-colored adhesive bridge, isolated resin restoration on tooth 12, which is tested and found in composite resin restorations of teeth 11, 13 and 21. For the planning considered, the patient did not want to undergo surgical procedures such as dental implants. The proposed treatment was the fabrication of six ceramic restorations, associating ultra-thin 0.5 mm blades with an adhesive bridge. The aesthetics of the smile were restored according to the expectations of the patient and the professionals involved. Final considerations: the treatment was considered a real and conservative possibility, since minimally invasive preparations were performed and one patient was not submitted to implant placement. The adhesive bridge associated with ceramic laminates was extremely satisfactory regarding the restoration of the aesthetics and smile function of the patient.(AU)

Third molar agenesis: Prevalence and Association with agenesis of other teeth in a Turkish population.

BACKGROUND: Tooth agenesis is the congenital lack of one or more primary or permanent teeth and it is the most frequently seen dental anomaly. The prevalence of third molar agenesis is significantly higher than the agenesis of other teeth varying from 10% to 40% and shows geographical variance. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of third molar agenesis and its association with other tooth agenesis of jaws. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 594 Turkish subjects with or without agenesis of third molars (M3) were included in the study. Dental records and panoramic radiographs were evaluated for M3 agenesis, hypodontia and hyperdontia. Significant differences in the prevalence rate of M3 agenesis between genders among with evaluation of coexistence of M3 and other tooth agenesis were determined by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The prevalence of M3 agenesis was determined as 28.7% with no statistically significant gender or location difference. Most common form of M3 agenesis involved one molar followed by two, four and three molars. Agenesis of other teeth was seen among both patient groups with and without M3 agenesis, without significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Turkish population with M3 agenesis did not show increased prevalence of other tooth agenesis, indicating no association between occurrence of agenesis of other teeth and M3.

Hypodontia - not only an orthodontic problem.

BACKGROUND: The meta-analysis of the data collected in the years 1939-1993 clearly shows an increasing incidence of hypodontia. The disorder is characterized by a congenital absence of deciduous or permanent teeth. It is a significant esthetical and functional problem, which may negatively affect the patient's psychosocial development. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the scale of hypodontia using a sample of Polish orthodontic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The orthopantomograms and medical records of 674 patients aged 6-15 years (376 girls and 298 boys) were analyzed in order to identify dental agenesis. Deciduous and wisdom teeth were excluded from the study. Data regarding gender, the location of the disorder as well as the number and type of missing buds was recorded. RESULTS: Hypodontia was found in 11.6% of the subjects (7.6% girls and 4% boys), more often in the mandible (44.9%) than in the maxilla (28.2%) or in both jaws (26.9%), and these differences were statistically significant (p = 0.096). The occurrence rates of uniand bilateral hypodontia were similar: 51.3% and 48.7%, respectively. The incidence of left-sided hypodontia (37.2%) significantly prevailed over rightsided hypodontia (14.1%) (p < 0.01). Tooth 35 was the most frequently missing one (13.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The large discrepancy in hypodontia prevalence indicates that geographical differences and varying sample sizes greatly affect the results of studies. The literature lacks comprehensive studies regarding hypodontia in Poland. More studies with similar sample sizes and selection criteria need to be carried out. Through an early detection of hypodontia, it is possible to plan comprehensive, interdisciplinary treatment. Regardless of the discrepancies in the literature as to the exact location of the problem, hypodontia affects over 10% of the population of patients treated orthodontically, which justifies the need to study this issue.

Manifestaciones orales de la incontinencia pigmentaria (Síndrome de BlochSulzberger) / Oral manifestations of pigmentary incontinence (BlochSulzberger syndrome)

Paciente de sexo femenino de 13 años de edad que acudió al servicio de Odontopediatría del Instituto de Salud Oral del Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea de Perú en el mes de setiembre del año 2018 debido a una renovación en la prótesis parcial provisional que utilizaba desde hace cinco meses. Al examen clínico extraoral se evidenció lesiones cicatrizales en la piel de la región nasal; durante la evaluación intraoral se evidenció la pérdida de múltiples dientes, rebordes edéntulos amplios y delgados, alteraciones en la morfología dentaria, así como discordancia de la erupción dentaria con la edad de la paciente. Al examen radiográfico se evidenció alteración y retardo en la erupción dentaria, impactación de un diente en la mandíbula, falta de desarrollo radicular y persistencia de dientes temporales. El diagnóstico médico definitivo fue el Síndrome de Bloch ­ Sulzberger también denominado como "incontinencia pigmentaria". Este síndrome se caracteriza por presentar una variedad de manifestaciones orales como: agenesia dentaria, alteración en la morfología dentaria, dientes retenidos y/o impactados así como alteración y retraso en la erupción dentaria. A nivel sistémico este síndrome presenta lesiones que afectan a la piel, pelo, visión, sistema nervioso central, entre otros.

A 13-year-old female patient went to the pediatric dentistry service of the Oral Health Institute of the Central Air Force Hospital of Peru in September of 2018. She sought care to have her temporary partial prosthesis renewed. The extraoral clinical examination showed scar lesions on the skin of the nasal region; the intraoral evaluation showed the loss of multiple teeth, wide and thin edentulous ridges, alterations in dental morphology, as well as the inconsistency of the dental eruption with the patient's age. The radiographic examination showed alteration and delay in dental eruption, impaction of a tooth in the jaw, lack of root development and persistence of temporary teeth. The definitive medical diagnosis was BlochSulzberger Syndrome, also referred to as "pigmentary incontinence". This syndrome is characterized by presenting a variety of oral manifestations such as dental agenesis, alteration in dental morphology, retained and/or impacted teeth as well as alteration anddelay in dental eruption. At a systemic level, this syndrome has lesions that affect the skin, hair, vision, central nervous system, among others.

Paciente do sexo feminino, 13 anos, que compareceu ao Serviço de Odontopediatria do Instituto de Saúde Bucal do Hospital Central da Força Aérea do Peru, em setembro de 2018, devido à renovação da prótese parcial provisória utilizada por ela. por cinco meses. O exame clínico extraoral mostrou lesões cicatriciais na pele da região nasal; Durante a avaliação intraoral, a perda de múltiplos dentes, cristas edêntulas, extensas e finas, alterações na morfologia dentária, bem como a incongruência da erupção dentária com a idade do paciente foi evidente. O exame radiográfico mostrou alteração e atraso na erupção dentária, impactação de um dente na mandíbula, falta de desenvolvimento radicular e persistência de dentes temporários. O diagnóstico médico definitivo foi a síndrome de Bloch - Sulzberger, também conhecida como "incontinência pigmentar". A síndrome é caracterizada por apresentar uma variedade de manifestações bucais, como: agenesia dentária, alteração na morfologia dentária, retenção e / ou impacto dos dentes, bem como alteração e atraso na erupção dentária. Em nível sistêmico, essa síndrome apresenta lesões que afetam a pele, o cabelo, a visão, o sistema nervoso central, entre outros.

Assessment of oral health-related quality of life in adolescents, young adults, and adults with dental agenesis: A comparative study.

AIM: To detect the impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents, young adults, and adults with dental agenesis (DA). METHODS: A comparative study (1:2) matched for age and sex was designed. Data of participants, aged 14-55 years (group with DA: G1; group without DA: G2), and who answered the Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire, were collected. One-way analysis of variance and Student's t-test were applied, considering p <.05 to be significant. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 90 participants (G1 = 30; G2 = 60), with a mean age of 28.76 (±10.87) years. The mean scores in the G1 and G2 groups were 5.30 ± 5.35 and 2.45 ± 3.95, respectively. Comparing the means of both groups, in terms of the total score (p = .01), psychological discomfort (p = .04), psychological disability (p = .01), and social disability (p = .04) showed statistical differences. Evaluating G1, the age did not influence the negative impact on OHRQoL. The variables, years of study (≥9), DA severity, and location of DA in the anterior and posterior regions negatively influenced OHRQoL in different domains (p <.05). CONCLUSION: Despite low OHRQoL, DA generated negative impact on OHRQoL in adolescents/young adults, and adults.

Tooth agenesis: part 2. Orthodontic treatment and prosthetic possibilities.

Dental agenesis has a great clinical significance due to its frequency during daily practice and the therapeutic problems that can arise from it. This paper will explore all the aspects to consider in order creating a proper multidisciplinary treatment plan: in particular, orthodontic, prosthetic and implantologic therapeutic alternatives are described for the rehabilitation of the different areas of the dental arches. In fact, dental agenesis is a problem that often requires the intervention of specialists from the different fields of dentistry and its treatment must meet aesthetics needs, stomatognathic function and patient satisfaction.